Microbes in multiple roles
The program moves from microbiota transfer and bacterial antigen expression to AhR–IL-22–STAT3 repair, surfactin-mediated fusion inhibition, and extracellular-vesicle RNA delivery.
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Microbial
Microbial
platforms
Using beneficial and engineered microbes as models, carriers, repair signals, and antiviral systems.
Evidence map02
From organoids to piglets
Human-flora-associated piglets, mice, intestinal organoids, porcine epithelial systems, H9N2 models, and engineered Lactobacillus and Bacillus strains.
Build, perturb, challenge
Controlled colonization, bacterial engineering, immune assays, organoid coculture, metabolite and signaling tests, membrane biophysics, animal challenge, and RNAi measurements.
A programmable living chassis
The evidence explores low-intervention ways to deliver antigens or RNA, repair barriers, or interfere directly with viral entry.
Independent editorial synthesis · reviewed 7 September 2026
ORCID 0000-0002-2349-0028 · NJAU College of Veterinary Medicine
Representative evidence
Six papers selected for conceptual importance and temporal coverage. They are examples, not a substitute for the complete reconciled bibliography.
Inter-species transplantation of gut microbiota from human to pigs
Human donor microbiota produced a donor-like community in germ-free piglets, establishing a model rather than a probiotic treatment.
Independently verified record · role not statedXiaoyan Pang, Xiuguo Hua, Qian Yang, Dezhong Ding, Chuanyan Che, Li Cui, Wei Jia, Peter Bucheli, Liping Zhao Open source record · DOI 10.1038/ismej.2007.23 ↗
Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses Induced by Recombinant Lactobacillus spp. Expressing the Hemagglutinin of the Avian Influenza Virus H5N1
Two recombinant Lactobacillus strains induced antigen-specific responses after oral delivery in mice; the abstract does not supply challenge evidence.
Official bibliography role: Correspondence AuthorZhisheng Wang, Qinghua Yu, Junkai Gao, Qian Yang Open source record · DOI 10.1128/cvi.05618-11 ↗
Lactobacillus accelerates ISCs regeneration to protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa through activation of STAT3 signaling pathway induced by LPLs secretion of IL-22
A Lactobacillus metabolite activated an AhR–IL-22–STAT3 pathway that accelerated intestinal stem-cell regeneration in mouse and organoid models.
Official bibliography role: Participating authorsHou Q, Ye L, Liu H, Huang L, Yang Q, Turner JR, Yu Q Open source record · DOI 10.1038/s41418-018-0070-2 ↗
Surfactin Inhibits Membrane Fusion during Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Enveloped Viruses
Surfactin inserted into viral-envelope lipids and reduced fusion; oral treatment protected piglets in the reported PEDV challenge, not every enveloped-virus setting.
Official bibliography role: Correspondence AuthorLvfeng Yuan, Shuai Zhang, Yongheng Wang, Yuchen Li, Xiaoqing Wang, Qian Yang Open source record · DOI 10.1128/jvi.00809-18 ↗
Broad-Spectrum Virus Elimination by Nasal Mucosa-Colonized Wild-Type Bacillus subtilis
A nasal-colonizing Bacillus strain and its metabolites altered viral-envelope properties; the surveillance association alone does not establish causality.
Official bibliography role: Correspondence AuthorYuchen Li, Chengjie Yang, Rongfeng Tang, Chengcheng Wang, Yunfeng Li, Wenwen Chao, Ahui Cui, Chun Liang, Ying Duan, Hui Zeng, Qian Yang Open source record · DOI 10.34133/research.0781 ↗
Engineered Bacillus subtilis to deliver dsRNA via extracellular vesicles against the H9N2 avian influenza virus
Engineered Bacillus exported antiviral dsRNA in extracellular vesicles and reduced H9N2 burden in the reported preclinical system; field performance remains untested.
Independently verified record · role not statedJiachen Liu, Yanrong Yang, Yichao Ma, Xinming Qin, Yaotang Wu, S Y Li, Yunlei Cao, Jian Lin, Qian Yang Open source record · DOI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2026.05.025 ↗
Read as a program,
not a priority claim.
These overlapping themes are an editorial synthesis of the publication record. They do not claim sole scientific ownership, clinical validation, regulatory approval, or independent replication. Titles and bibliographic facts come from the reconciled record; explanatory summaries are constrained to the cited evidence.
Explore all themes01—04